Wirasat Ka Hisab Kaise Karein? Islamic Inheritance Guide Pakistan
Wirasat ka hisab Islami qanoon-e-wirasat (faraid) ke mutabiq hota hai, jis mein har waris ka hissa Quran o Sunnat mein muqarrar hai. Is guide mein hum Sunni Hanafi usool ke mutabiq (jo Pakistan mein aam hai) samjhate hain ke maal kaise taqseem hota hai, kis ko kitna milta hai, awl aur radd kya hain, aur misalon se poora hisab. Hisab foran karne ke liye hamara free wirasat calculator bhi istemal kar saktay hain.
Wirasat Taqseem Karne Se Pehle Ke Chaar Kaam
- Kafan dafan: sab se pehle marhoom ke kafan dafan ka mayari kharch maal se nikalein.
- Qarz: uske baad marhoom ke saare qarz (jaise haq meher agar baqi ho, bank ya logon ka qarz) ada karein.
- Wasiyat: baqi maal ke ek tihai tak, ghair waris ke liye wasiyat puri karein. Waris ke liye wasiyat aam taur par nafiz nahi hoti.
- Taqseem: jo maal bache wo warison mein hisson ke mutabiq taqseem karein.
Har Waris Ka Hissa (Hanafi)
| Waris | Hissa |
|---|---|
| Shohar | Aulad na ho to 1/2, aulad ho to 1/4 |
| Biwi (ya biwiyan milkar) | Aulad na ho to 1/4, aulad ho to 1/8 |
| Walida | Aulad ya 2+ bhai behen hon to 1/6, warna 1/3 |
| Walid | Aulad ho to 1/6; aulad na ho to baqi raqam (asaba) |
| Beta | Baqi raqam (asaba); beti se do guna |
| Beti | Akeli 1/2; do ya zyada milkar 2/3; beton ke sath beta se aadha |
| Maan shareek bhai/behen | Ek ko 1/6; do ya zyada milkar 1/3 barabar |
Ye mukhtasar jadwal hai. Dada, pote, sagi aur sautele bhai behnein ke hisson ki shartein aur bhi hain, jinhe hamara calculator khud lagata hai.
Asaba Aur Hissa Daar Mein Farq
Hissa daar (ashab al-furooz) wo hain jin ka hissa pehle se tay hai (jaise shohar ka 1/2). Asaba wo hain jo hissa daaron ke baad bacha hua maal lete hain (jaise beta ya walid). Agar beta maujood ho to wo baqi maal ka waris banta hai aur beti bhi us ke sath 2:1 ke usool par shamil ho jati hai.
Misal 1: Biwi, 2 Bete Aur 1 Beti
Qabil-e-taqseem maal Rs 12,000,000 hai. Aulad hai is liye biwi ko 1/8 milega.
- Biwi: 12,000,000 x 1/8 = Rs 1,500,000
- Baqi 10,500,000 aulad mein 2:2:1 ke hisab se taqseem: har beta Rs 4,200,000, beti Rs 2,100,000
Misal 2: Shohar, Walid Aur Walida
Aulad nahi aur sirf shohar aur walidain hain. Qabil-e-taqseem maal Rs 6,000,000 hai. Shohar ko 1/2, aur walida ko shohar ka hissa nikalne ke baad baqi ka 1/3 milta hai (is surat ko "Umariyyatain" kehte hain). Baqi walid ko jata hai.
- Shohar: Rs 3,000,000
- Walida: 3,000,000 ka 1/3 = Rs 1,000,000
- Walid: Rs 2,000,000
Misal 3: Biwi Aur Ek Beti (Radd)
Maal Rs 12,000,000. Biwi ko 1/8 (Rs 1,500,000) aur beti ko 1/2 milta hai. Baqi hissa (3/8) koi asaba na hone ki wajah se beti ko wapas jata hai (radd). Biwi ko radd nahi milta. Natija: biwi 1/8 aur beti 7/8 = Rs 10,500,000.
Awl Aur Radd Kya Hain?
Awl: jab hisson ka majmua poore maal se zyada ho jaye (jaise shohar 1/2, do behnein 2/3, walida 1/6) to sab hisse barabar nisbat se kam kiye jate hain. Radd: jab hisse poore na hon aur koi asaba na ho, to baqi maal shohar ya biwi ke ilawa hissa daaron ko unke hisson ke mutabiq wapas jata hai.
Pakistan Mein Zaroori Baatein
- Pote (grandchildren): Muslim Family Laws Ordinance 1961 ke mutabiq jis beta/beti ka walid ki zindagi mein inteqal ho jaye, us ki aulad ko wo hissa milta hai jo us ke walid ko milta. Is surat mein wakeel ya aalim se mashwara karein.
- Inteqal / succession: zameen ki wirasat ka inteqal revenue department (patwari/land record) mein hota hai, aur baaz mamlat mein court se succession certificate lena parta hai. Tareeqa soobay ke hisab se mukhtalif ho sakta hai.
- Betiyon aur biwi ka haq: aurton ka muqarrar hissa dena shari aur qanooni zimmedari hai.
- Shia fiqh: hisson aur tarteeb mein farq hai. Ye guide Sunni Hanafi usool par hai.
Calculator Se Hisab Kaise Karein?
Kul maal, kafan dafan, qarz aur wasiyat likhein, phir warison ki tadaad bharein. Calculator awl, radd aur mahrum warison ko khud sambhal leta hai aur har waris ka hissa fraction, percent aur raqam mein dikha deta hai. Ye sirf andaza hai, aqeeqi faisle ke liye aalim ya wakeel se tasdeeq zaroor karein.
Aksar Pooche Janay Wale Sawal (FAQs)
Wirasat ka hisab kaise hota hai?
Pehle kafan dafan aur qarz ada hote hain, phir wasiyat (ek tihai tak), aur baqi maal warison mein Quran o Sunnat ke hisson ke mutabiq taqseem hota hai.
Beta aur beti ka hissa kitna hota hai?
Beton ke sath beta ko beti se do guna milta hai. Sirf betiyan hon to ek ko 1/2 aur do ya zyada milkar 2/3 milta hai.
Biwi ka hissa kitna hota hai?
Aulad na ho to 1/4 aur aulad ho to 1/8, aur ek se zyada biwiyan ho to wo ye hissa milkar barabar bant leti hain.
Shohar ka hissa kitna hota hai?
Aulad na ho to 1/2 aur aulad ho to 1/4.
Walida ka hissa kitna hota hai?
Aulad ya do ya zyada bhai behen hon to 1/6, warna 1/3.
Awl aur radd kya hain?
Awl mein hisse poore maal se zyada hone par sab kam kiye jate hain. Radd mein bacha hua maal hissa daaron ko wapas jata hai.
Kya wirasat ka calculator aalim ka badal hai?
Nahi. Ye andaza deta hai. Qanooni ya shari faisle ke liye aalim ya wakeel se mashwara zaroor karein.